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1.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 26(1): 16-23, mar. 2007. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-462339

ABSTRACT

As primeiras cirurgias de nervos periféricos começaram a ser realizadas há mais de 150 anos e precocemente se observou que as suturas término-terminais, quando feitas sob tensão, resultavam em limitados resultados funcionais. A utilização de algum tipo de tecido interposto entre os cotos do nervo traumatizado foi logo idealizada como alternativa e, atualmente, o uso de enxertos neurais autólogos permanece como o "padrão-ouro" para o tratamento de lesões extensas do sistema nervoso periférico. Porém, a técnica apresenta algumas limitações,que resultam em morbidade para o paciente. Esses fatos motivaram o desenvolvimento de materiais alternativos para servir como condutor de enxertos, dando início às pesquisas das técnicas de tubulização. Os tubos biológicos, como veias ou de veias enriquecidas com músculo esquelético, demonstaram resultados favoráveis tanto em estudos clínicos quanto em experimentais. O uso de materiais sintéticos também foi alvo de avaliação, apresentando resultados animadores com os tubos de silicone e de ácido poliglicólico. Esta revisão objetiva descrever a evolução histórica e os resultados dos ensaios clínicos e experimentais obtidos com as técnicas de tubulização para o tratamento das lesões traumáticas do sistema nervoso periférico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Peripheral Nervous System/surgery , Transplants
2.
Acta cir. bras ; 13(1): 8-17, jan.-mar. 1998. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-209225

ABSTRACT

Trauma and neurodegenerative diseases commit the nervous system. After an axotomy or nerve injury in the peripheral nervous system the regeneration of the nerve fibers and reinervation of the target are seen. In central nervous system these events are restrictive, however their occurrence are related to the state of glial reaction and the synthesis of neurotrophic factors. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been considered an important trophic factor for neurons and astrocytes of many central nervous system regions. In this study rats were submitted to one of following neurosurgery procedures: callosotomy, pyramidectomy or complete transection of hypoglossal nerve (XII). Sham operations were made in control animals. Seven days later animals were sacrificed and their braims processed for immunohistochemistry. Coronal sections were taken from the central nervous system and incubated with antisera against the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) or neurofilament (NF), markers for astrocyte and neuronal cell body and fibers, respectively, as well as with the antiserum against the bFGF. The degree of the labelling was quatified with computer assisted stereological methods. The analysis of the NF immunoreactivity revealed a disappearance of fibers in the white matter distal to the pyramidectomy and callosotomy, however no disapperance of NF immunoreactive neurons was found in the XII nucleus following axotomy. These changes was accompanied by a massive astrocytic reaction. The reactive astrocytes synthesized increased amounts of bFGF. These findings suggest that glial reaction synthesizing neurotrophic factors may influence the wound and repair after mechanical lesions of central nervous and subsequent neuronal trophism and plasticity which may be relevant to the regenerative process of the nervous tissue.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Central Nervous System/surgery , Microsurgery , Neuroglia/physiology , Neuronal Plasticity , Neurons/physiology , Neurosurgical Procedures , Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/physiology , Neurofilament Proteins/physiology , Peripheral Nervous System/surgery , Tropism , Astrocytes/physiology , Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 , Nerve Regeneration , Rats, Wistar
3.
São Paulo med. j ; 115(4): 1495-507, jul.-ago. 1997. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-208788

ABSTRACT

Objetive: Revision and questioning of orthodox principles regarding the conduction of nerve impulse. Design: Retrospective study with clinical analysis of results. Site: Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMSP), public university institution with research programs and tertiary attention to health. Group members: Author and a team of residents and trainees. Operation:Direct suture of nervous stumps utilizing auxiliary technical procedures:- joint-flexion, nerve transpositon, tendon transplants, bone shortening. Measurement: Clinical evaluation and objective tests for tactile and stereognostic function recovery (Weber Test). Results: Variable, depending on preoperative conditions: - type of lesion, time elapsed since injury. Conclusions: Neurorrhaphy should be the procedure of choice even for long term lesions, although the expected results may be less favourable. Periodical evaluation from 24 hs. Postoperative, checking for early undefined signals of nervous function recovery. Association of specific drugs for chemical biophysics of the nerve.


Subject(s)
Humans , Arm/innervation , Wounds and Injuries/surgery , Wounds and Injuries/diagnosis , Peripheral Nervous System/injuries , Retrospective Studies , Peripheral Nervous System/surgery , Hand/innervation
4.
HB cient ; 4(1): 9-13, jan.-abr. 1997. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-214109

ABSTRACT

Os processos isquêmicos de membros inferiores costumam cursar com dor de grande intensidade e a revascularizaçao pode nao ser factível em todos os casos. A neurotripsia é uma forma de tratamento da dor que proporciona alívio por impedir a transmissao do impulso nervoso pela secçao, maceraçao ou pela destruiçao química do nervo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar esse procedimento em pacientes com dor isquêmica de membros inferiores onde a revascularizaçao nao foi possível. Realizou-se o procedimento em 10 pacientes com idade entre 32 e 87 anos e média de 59 anos, sendo 7 do sexo masculino, que apresentavam necrose digital, dor incapacitante e impossibilidade de revascularizaçao. Observou-se a limitaçao da necrose em sete pacientes e estes foram submetidos a amputaçao digital. Em três deles a isquemia evoluiu para gangrena e grande amputaçao. A neurotripsia constitui-se em procedimento alternativo nos casos onde a revascularizaçao nao é possível, com objetivo do alívio da dor.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Ischemia , Nerve Crush , Pain/surgery , Perna/blood supply , Perna/innervation , Peripheral Nervous System/surgery , Aged, 80 and over
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